Gates are electronic components that can be used to transport electricity, and therefore an on/off signal, based on a determined rule. Gates: Modern computers process information using “logic gates” (or just “gates”) that take a bit string as input and produce a new bit string as output.The 1 bit would be an electric signal (when a switch is on), while the 0 bit would represent an off switch. (Not to be confused with bytes, which are units of measurement of information for electronic devices). Bits: Today’s computers store information as strings of 0’s and 1’s, which comprise a set of bits.Then let them do the initial challenge that only involves classic gates before introducing them into the H and S quantum gates. Before letting students work on the challenges, go over the pictorial rules and work with them on the examples provided on the game instructions. The idea of this activity is that students start to form ideas about the difference between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. In the student’s guide, students are asked to complete different challenges using the classical and quantum gates to see if they can arrive at the desired final state. We show using the visuals from this activity why in quantum mechanics, phase will always contain information behind events that lead to different outcomes. We can use the Hadamard gate with the mist creating a phenomenon known as quantum superposition (producing mist from non-mist in pictorial rules) and quantum entanglement (turn mists into non-mists in pictorial rules). However, the Hadamard gate is purely quantum and not possible on a classical computer. We can use gates for both classical and quantum circuits with the mist. These misty states enable computations that are not feasible with classical computers. We called the quantum states “mists” (these mists are represented by a cloud outline). In addition to representing classical information processing (like in today’s computers), we can also use these pictorial rules to describe quantum information processing. We can represent programming a computer by stacking the many types of gates together to form a “logic circuit.” If we design this circuit in the right way, then we can perform useful computations where, for every input bit string we consider, the answer is given by the output bit string. For the purpose of this activity, we substituted math by using pictorial rules, where shapes and colors that will represent the different components of the computer, such as the bits and gates.
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